What it is
Adult scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine in an adult, and adult spinal deformity is the broader term that also includes a forward-stooped posture (kyphosis) or the spine losing its normal balance. Some curves begin in childhood and slowly progress; others develop later in life as discs and joints wear unevenly (degenerative or “de novo” scoliosis).
Symptoms
- Back pain that worsens with standing or walking and eases with sitting or leaning on something
- Leg pain, numbness, or heaviness when the curve narrows the space for the nerves (stenosis)
- Leaning forward or to one side, trouble standing upright, or tiring quickly when upright
- Visible changes such as uneven shoulders or hips, or loss of height
How it’s diagnosed
A careful exam plus full-length standing X-rays that show the whole spine and pelvis, so the curve and overall balance can be measured. MRI or CT helps show nerve compression and plan treatment. Bone density is checked because it matters for any surgical plan.
Non-surgical treatment
Many adults with scoliosis are treated without surgery: physical therapy for posture and core strength, medications, injections for nerve pain, activity changes, and treating osteoporosis when present.
When surgery is considered
Surgery is considered when pain, nerve symptoms, or imbalance significantly limit daily life despite non-surgical care, or when the curve or neurological symptoms are getting worse. These are among the most individualized operations in spine surgery, and the plan is built around your curve, symptoms, bone quality, and overall health.